Mycosis of the nails: signs, dangers and effective treatment options

Nail mycosis, also known as onychomycosis, is a fungal infection that affects millions of people around the world.

Despite being common, it is often ignored in the early stages, which can lead to complications, discomfort and even functional limitations.

In this article, we'll explore the most common signs, the risks of not treating nail mycosis and the most effective solutions - from daily care to specialized treatments, such as those we carry out at Centro Podológico de Lisboa.

What is nail mycosis?

Nail mycosis is caused by fungi that feed on keratin, the protein that makes up the nail. The infection can appear on both toenails and fingernails, but is more common on the feet, especially in damp, warm and poorly ventilated environments.

There are several types of fungi that can cause onychomycosis, including dermatophytes, yeasts and non-dermatophytic molds.

What are the main signs of nail mycosis?

Identifying nail mycosis at an early stage is essential to prevent the infection from worsening and to start appropriate treatment. Some of the most common signs include:

• Change in nail color (yellowish, whitish or brownish)
• Thickening of the nail
• Fragility or crumbling
• Deformation or detachment of the nail from the nail bed
• Bad smell
• Inflammation or redness around the nail

These symptoms can begin discreetly, which leads many people to undervalue the problem. However, the progression is slow but steady and can compromise the structure of the nail and affect other fingers.

Is nail mycosis contagious?

Yes. Mycosis of the nails is contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with contaminated surfaces or by sharing objects such as towels, pliers, nail clippers, shoes or socks. Swimming pools, changing rooms and spas are places of risk, especially for those who walk barefoot.

For this reason, prevention also involves taking care with hygiene and not sharing personal items.

What are the risks of not treating nail mycosis?

Ignoring or postponing the treatment of nail mycosis can lead to serious complications, such as:

• Expansion of the infection to other nails or skin (athlete's foot, for example)
• Permanent deformities of the nail
• Pain and discomfort when walking or wearing shoes
• Difficulty with local hygiene
• Increased risk of bacterial infections in people with weakened immune systems

In more advanced cases, it may be necessary to remove all or part of the nail, in addition to prolonged treatment with antifungal drugs.

Who is most at risk of developing mycosis?

Although anyone can develop mycosis of the nails, there are some groups with a greater predisposition:

• People with excessive perspiration on their feet
• Frequent wearers of closed, poorly ventilated footwear
• Diabetics
• Elderly
• Athletes or people who play sport regularly
•  People with a history of circulation problems

In the case of people with diabetic feet, the risk of infections and complications is particularly high, requiring specialized and rigorous monitoring.

How is mycosis of the nails diagnosed?

The diagnosis should be made by a health professional, such as a podiatrist. At Centro Podológico de Lisboa, we assess the clinical condition of the nail using direct observation and, when necessary, complementary tests to identify the type of fungus.

Avoid self-medicating with antifungals without guidance - as well as being ineffective, they can delay the correct treatment.

How is nail mycosis treated?

Treatment for nail mycosis should be adapted to the severity of the infection, the extent of the affected area and the general condition of the nail. The most common options include:

• Technical nail trimming
   A good starting point is technical nail trimming, which facilitates sanitization and helps to remove areas affected by the fungus, improving the effectiveness of topical treatments.
• Antifungal treatments
  They can be used locally (varnishes, creams, ointments) or systemically (tablets). In some cases, a combination of both is recommended. It is important to strictly follow the duration of treatment, which can take several months.
• Antifungal laser (where available)
  Some clinics use laser technology to eliminate fungus more precisely, without compromising the tissue around the nail.
• Nail correction and protection
  In cases where the nail is deformed or weakened, a nail orthosis may be recommended to protect and guide the growth of the nail.

How long does it take to treat nail mycosis?

The length of treatment depends on the severity of the infection and how quickly the intervention begins. Mycosis of the nails doesn't disappear overnight. The affected nail needs to grow back completely healthy in order to be considered completely cured - a process that can take between 6 and 12 months.

During this period, it is essential to maintain discipline in treatment, avoid re-infection and maintain preventive care.

How do I prevent mycosis of the nails?

Prevention is always better than treatment. Here are some good practices:

• Dry your feet well after showering, especially between the toes
• Wear cotton socks and change them daily
• Avoid walking barefoot in damp public places
• Wear breathable footwear
• Don't share personal manicure/pedicure items
• Cut your nails correctly and regularly.

If you find it difficult to maintain a proper nail care routine, book an appointment with a professional. Prevention can also involve technical nail cutting, adapted to the characteristics of each person.

When should I seek professional help to treat mycosis?

You should seek professional help whenever you notice changes in the color, texture or thickness of your nails. If you've already started a home treatment and haven't had any results, or if you feel pain, inflammation or discomfort, schedule an assessment.

At Centro Podológico de Lisboa, we analyze each case carefully and propose a treatment plan that is effective, safe and adapted to your reality.

Conclusion

Nail mycosis may seem like a minor problem, but if it's not treated with due care, it can lead to serious complications. Early diagnosis and follow-up by qualified professionals make all the difference.

If you suspect a fungal nail infection, don't put it off - book your appointment now and start taking care of your feet with the attention they deserve.

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